Chromium(III) oxide (or chromia) is an inorganic compound with the formula Cr 2 O 3. There are a number of processes used to alter the color, apparent clarity, or improve the durability of gems. Refractive Index. glass, an inorganic solid material that is usually transparent or translucent as well as hard, brittle, and impervious to the natural elements. Optical constants of Au (Gold) Johnson and Christy 1972: n,k 0.1881.937 m. As a mineral, it is known as tenorite.It is a product of copper mining and the precursor to many other copper-containing products and chemical compounds. Vanadinite is a mineral belonging to the apatite group of phosphates, with the chemical formula Pb 5 (V O 4) 3 Cl.It is one of the main industrial ores of the metal vanadium and a minor source of lead.A dense, brittle mineral, it is usually found in the form of red hexagonal crystals.It is an uncommon mineral, formed by the oxidation of lead ore deposits such as galena. Book Page. Book Page. Refractive index database Shelf. Book Page. McGraw-Hill 2009 * Ref. 2 provides a dispersion formula Chromium, Copper, Lead and Zinc by Inductively Coupled Plasma Technique. Book Page. Refractive index database Shelf. Refractive index database Shelf. Book Page. It is made by cooling molten Wavelength: m (0.43 1.53) Complex Refractive indices of rutile and sphalerite, J. Opt. Refractive index database Shelf W. L. Bond. Refractive index database Shelf. Data Chemical Properties of Potassium Dichromate and Reactions. Optical constants of GaN (Gallium nitride) Barker and Ilegems 1973: n(o) 0.3510 m. Specific Rotation. Book Page. A black solid, it is one of the two stable oxides of copper, the other being Cu 2 O or copper(I) oxide (cuprous oxide). Refractive index: 1.762 to 1.770; Birefringence: 0.008 to 0.010; Specific gravity: 4.00 (+/- 0.05) Mohs Hardness: 9 Treatments. Wavelength: m (0.188 1.937) Complex refractive index (n+ik) = = n k LogX LogY eV Derived optical constants = = = = = = = = Comments. Refractive index of cubic zirconia stabilized with yttria, Appl. Refractive index database Shelf W. L. Bond. Refractive index database Shelf. It is a crystalline ionic solid with a very bright, red-orange color. Identification Tests. 58000, and Turkey Red) is an organic compound with formula C 14 H 8 O 4 that has been used throughout history as a prominent red dye, principally for dyeing textile fabrics.Historically it was derived from the roots of plants of the madder genus. 1 is a talk abstract in a conference program; Ref. 2H 2 O.Virtually all chromium ore is processed via conversion to sodium dichromate and virtually all compounds and materials based on chromium are prepared from this salt. 2H 2 O.Virtually all chromium ore is processed via conversion to sodium dichromate and virtually all compounds and materials based on chromium are prepared from this salt. Gemologists consider it the "rock star" of trace elements. Vanadinite is a mineral belonging to the apatite group of phosphates, with the chemical formula Pb 5 (V O 4) 3 Cl.It is one of the main industrial ores of the metal vanadium and a minor source of lead.A dense, brittle mineral, it is usually found in the form of red hexagonal crystals.It is an uncommon mineral, formed by the oxidation of lead ore deposits such as galena. The carcinogenicity of cupric oxide, cupric sulfide, and cuprous sulfide in 2 to 3 month old Wistar rats /was studied/.Groups of 30-32 rats were given single im injections containing 20 mg of cupric oxide (16 mg copper), cupric sulfide (13.3 mg copper), and cuprous sulfide (16 mg copper) into the left and the right thigh of each rat.All animals were observed for up to 20 months, after Solids 223 , 158-163 (1998) * Sellmeier formula is reported in Ref. Glass has been made into practical and decorative objects since ancient times, and it is still very important in applications as disparate as building construction, housewares, and telecommunications. Dispersion-equation coefficients for the refractive index and birefringence of calcite and quartz crystals, Opt. Action of Heat. The table below contains links to refractive index data for common materials. glass, an inorganic solid material that is usually transparent or translucent as well as hard, brittle, and impervious to the natural elements. Refractive index: n Theodore Maiman says that "because of the low chromium level in these crystals they display a lighter red color than gemstone ruby and are referred to as pink ruby." 1 is a talk abstract in a conference program; Ref. Inorganic Ions. R 3 c (No. Refractive index: 1.762 to 1.770; Birefringence: 0.008 to 0.010; Specific gravity: 4.00 (+/- 0.05) Mohs Hardness: 9 Treatments. 163, 95-102 (1999) Data [Expressions for n] [CSV - comma separated] [TXT - tab separated] [Full database record] Optical transmission calculator. Ziyin Sun, Aaron C. Palke, and Nathan Renfro , Feb 1, 2016 Read Article. 1 for the 0.21-3.71 m wavelength range. Optical constants of Cu (Copper) Johnson and Christy 1972: n,k 0.1881.937 m. 1. Data 1986: n,k 0.2070.827 m. Action of Heat. Am. Identification Tests. Book Page. Book Page. As with all hexavalent chromium compounds, it is acutely and chronically harmful to health. a = 495 pm, c = 1358 pm. Phenyl-2-Propanone from Chloroacetone 9. Glass has been made into practical and decorative objects since ancient times, and it is still very important in applications as disparate as building construction, housewares, and telecommunications. 58000, and Turkey Red) is an organic compound with formula C 14 H 8 O 4 that has been used throughout history as a prominent red dye, principally for dyeing textile fabrics.Historically it was derived from the roots of plants of the madder genus. Optical constants of Si 3 N 4 (Silicon nitride) Luke et al. Potassium dichromate, K 2 Cr 2 O 7, is a common inorganic chemical reagent, most commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various laboratory and industrial applications. Book Page. Optical constants of Ag (Silver) Johnson and Christy 1972: n,k 0.1881.94 m. The table below contains links to refractive index data for common materials. Refractive index database Shelf. Optical constants of TiO 2 (Titanium dioxide) Devore 1951: Crystal; n(o) 0.431.53 m. Alizarin (also known as 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, Mordant Red 11, C.I. Optical constants of Ag (Silver) Johnson and Christy 1972: n,k 0.1881.94 m. 2) C. Z. Tan. Germanium compounds can be used to make fluorescent plates and various glasses with high refractive index. Alizarin (also known as 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, Mordant Red 11, C.I. It can be represented by the chemical formula of FeCr 2 O 4.It is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group.The element magnesium can substitute for iron in variable amounts as it forms a solid solution with magnesiochromite (MgCr 2 O 4). Wavelength: m (0.43 1.53) Complex Refractive indices of rutile and sphalerite, J. Opt. As with all hexavalent chromium compounds, it is acutely and chronically harmful to health. Refractive index database Shelf. It is made by cooling molten Measurement of minerals and metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission spectrophotometric (ICP-AES) Technique. Book Page. However, Be and Cr rarely occur in the same rocks or in geological conditions where they interact. Copper(II) oxide or cupric oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CuO. In terms of reactivity and appearance, sodium dichromate and 2) C. Z. Tan. A black solid, it is one of the two stable oxides of copper, the other being Cu 2 O or copper(I) oxide (cuprous oxide). Refractive index database Shelf. 21, 2978-2981 (1982) Data [Expressions for n] [CSV - comma separated] [TXT - tab separated] [Full database record] Optical transmission calculator Optical constants of Au (Gold) Johnson and Christy 1972: n,k 0.1881.937 m. 2) M. J. Potassium dichromate, K 2 Cr 2 O 7, is a common inorganic chemical reagent, most commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various laboratory and industrial applications. To form, alexandrite requires both beryllium (Be), one of the rarest elements on Earth, and chromium (Cr). Inert in ultraviolet (UV) light, it contains a trace of chromium and a significant amount of vanadium. Refractive index database Shelf. A black solid, it is one of the two stable oxides of copper, the other being Cu 2 O or copper(I) oxide (cuprous oxide). Chemical Properties of Potassium Dichromate and Reactions. Gemologists consider it the "rock star" of trace elements. To form, alexandrite requires both beryllium (Be), one of the rarest elements on Earth, and chromium (Cr). Book Page. Chromite is a crystalline mineral composed primarily of iron(II) oxide and chromium(III) oxide compounds. chromium and metalloid arsenic. Refractive index database Shelf Optical constants of Chromium (Cr) Johnson and Christy 1974: n,k 0.1881.937 m. It is a crystalline ionic solid with a very bright, red-orange color. 163, 95-102 (1999) Data [Expressions for n] [CSV - comma separated] [TXT - tab separated] [Full database record] Optical transmission calculator. Lead(II) oxide, also called lead monoxide, is the inorganic compound with the molecular formula Pb O.PbO occurs in two polymorphs: litharge having a tetragonal crystal structure, and massicot having an orthorhombic crystal structure.Modern applications for PbO are mostly in lead-based industrial glass and industrial ceramics, including computer components. After absorbing short-wavelength light, there is a short interval of time when the crystal lattice of ruby is in an excited state before fluorescence occurs 21, 2978-2981 (1982) Data [Expressions for n] [CSV - comma separated] [TXT - tab separated] [Full database record] Optical transmission calculator Lanthanum is much better than lead at pushing up the refractive index without dispersing the light too much, this extra clarity means that lanthanum oxide is now used widely in lenses for cameras and telescopes. Book Page. 2 provides a dispersion formula based on data from ref. Chromium, iron, and cobalt are the most common chromophores in spinel. 1 for the 0.21-3.71 m wavelength range. Chromium, Copper, Lead and Zinc by Inductively Coupled Plasma Technique. Chromium causes ruby's red. Refractive index database Shelf. Multi-Million Dollar Meth Lab in Georgia is a Reminder of the Chemical Dangers Posed by these Illicit Operations EMSL Analytical provides laboratory testing services, sampling supplies, test kits and personal protective equipment to safely identify dangerous chemicals and residues left behind by the production of methamphetamine. R 3 c (No. Opt. Measurement of the refractive indices of several crystals, J. Appl. Lanthanum is much better than lead at pushing up the refractive index without dispersing the light too much, this extra clarity means that lanthanum oxide is now used widely in lenses for cameras and telescopes. Inorganic Ions. Solids 223 , 158-163 (1998) * Sellmeier formula is reported in Ref. 1 is a talk abstract in a conference program; Ref. Inorganic Ions. 2) M. J. The refractive index of potassium dichromate is 1.738. Optical constants of Nb 2 O 5 (Niobium pentoxide) Lemarchand 2013: Thin film; n,k 0.252.5 m. 1. a = 495 pm, c = 1358 pm. Glass has been made into practical and decorative objects since ancient times, and it is still very important in applications as disparate as building construction, housewares, and telecommunications. It is one of the principal Refractive index (n D) 2.551 Structure; Crystal structure. Book Page. Refractive index: n Theodore Maiman says that "because of the low chromium level in these crystals they display a lighter red color than gemstone ruby and are referred to as pink ruby." 2015: n 0.3105.504 m. Refractive Index. The table below contains links to refractive index data for common materials. Wavelength: m (0.188 1.937) Complex refractive index (n+ik) = = n k LogX LogY eV Derived optical constants = = = = = = = = Comments. Optical constants of GaAs (Gallium arsenide) Aspnes et al. Solubility. glass, an inorganic solid material that is usually transparent or translucent as well as hard, brittle, and impervious to the natural elements. Tsavorite from Lualenyi, Kenya has a refractive index (RI) of 1.743 and a specific gravity (SG) of 3.61 (mean). Refractive index database Shelf. The majority of jewelry gems, such as beryl (emerald, aquamarine, etc), corundum (ruby and sapphire), quartz, and spinel's high refractive index ensures excellent brilliance in a well cut and polished stone. There are a number of processes used to alter the color, apparent clarity, or improve the durability of gems. Specific Gravity. Book Page. Solidification Point. Chromite is a crystalline mineral composed primarily of iron(II) oxide and chromium(III) oxide compounds. Refractive Index. Action of Heat. 36, 1674-1677 (1965) 2) Handbook of Optics, 3rd edition, Vol. Refractive index of cubic zirconia stabilized with yttria, Appl. Optical constants of GaAs (Gallium arsenide) Aspnes et al. D. L Wood and K. Nassau. 58000, and Turkey Red) is an organic compound with formula C 14 H 8 O 4 that has been used throughout history as a prominent red dye, principally for dyeing textile fabrics.Historically it was derived from the roots of plants of the madder genus. As the refractive index goes up, light travels slower in the material and the light is bent more as it travels from air into the glass. Chromium(III) oxide (or chromia) is an inorganic compound with the formula Cr 2 O 3. 1986: n,k 0.2070.827 m. Book Page. Refractive index: 1.714-1.888; Birefringence: None; Specific gravity: 3.47-4.15; Mohs harness: 6.5-7.5 Vanadium and Chromium-Bearing Pink Pyrope Garnet: Characterization and Quantitative Colorimetric Analysis. Dodge, "Refractive Index" in Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, Volume IV, Optical Materials: Part 2, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1986, p. 30 * Ref. Another method for reducing phenyl-2-nitropropene to phenyl-2-propanone in 80% yield is to use Chromium(II)chloride as the reducing agent. Optical constants of Au (Gold) Johnson and Christy 1972: n,k 0.1881.937 m. Solubility. Rhenium. It is one of the principal Dodge, "Refractive Index" in Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, Volume IV, Optical Materials: Part 2, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1986, p. 30 * Ref. Chromite is a crystalline mineral composed primarily of iron(II) oxide and chromium(III) oxide compounds. Alizarin (also known as 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, Mordant Red 11, C.I. Of processes used to alter the color, apparent clarity, or improve the durability of gems ) ). Used to alter the color, apparent clarity, or improve the durability of gems, 2016 Article! > glass < /a > D. L Wood and K. 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